St. Jude Medical is stepping in to prop up a start-up company that it hopes can help revive the stagnating $6 billion market for implantable heart defibrillators.
The start-up, Cambridge Heart, based in Bedford, Mass., said yesterday that St. Jude Medical would take over efforts to sell its product: stress test equipment that doctors use to assess patients as candidates for defibrillators.
St. Jude will also pay Cambridge Heart $12.5 million in convertible stock, a financial infusion that eliminates the possibility that Cambridge Heart could run out of cash in the next year.
Heart defibrillators sold by St. Jude and others are implanted electronic devices that can restore normal cardiac rhythms if the heart starts beating erratically. The devices can cost up to $50,000 including implantation surgery, and insurers have begun balking at paying for them because three-quarters of patients end up never needing a defibrillator shock to save their lives.
Medicare has urged the use of Cambridge Heart’s test, which costs $300 to $400, as a way to screen patients to determine who is unlikely to need a defibrillator. Cambridge Heart’s system measures what are known as T-Wave alternans, which are tiny variations in a single electrical wave in the heart.
Normal T-wave signals are seen as a reliable predictor that a heart-failure patient is not at risk of having a heart attack in the next year. At the same time, abnormal or unclear T-wave results have been associated, although not quite as strongly, with heightened risks of having a heart attack.
Cambridge’s system is far less invasive than previous devices that measured T-waves.
But as St. Jude’s investment reflects, the test might also encourage more doctors to recommend the implants, which could revive sales.
Besides the questions raised by insurers, the defibrillator has been clouded in the past year by widespread publicity about failures of the implants involving a small number of patient deaths.
An advertising campaign by Medtronic, the market leader, has had little apparent effect in allaying the concerns. Medtronic invested $6.5 million in Cambridge Heart in 2003. Medtronic, St. Jude and the other maker of defibrillators, Boston Scientific, have paid for clinical trials of Cambridge Heart’s test equipment.
In announcing the deal yesterday, Cambridge Heart raised its projected revenues for this year by $2 million, increasing it to a range of $14 million to $16 million. But the company projected that losses would widen because of spending to support St. Jude’s sales force.
Cambridge’s shares fell 4 cents, to $2.71. The announcement was made after the market’s close.
e shtunë, 12 maj 2007
e diel, 6 maj 2007
Use of Automated External Defibrillators
Use of Automated External Defibrillators
An automated external defibrillator is used in cases of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, which may lead, or have lead to cardiac arrest. The rhythms the device will recognise is usually limited to:
Ventricular fibrillation (shortened to VF or V-Fib)
Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia (shortened to VT or V-Tach)
AEDs (and all other defibrillators) are not designed to shock asystole or 'flat line' patterns, as this will not have a positive clinical outcome. The asystolic patient only has a chance of survival if, through a combination of CPR and cardiac stimulant drugs, one of the shockable rhythms can be established.
In each of the two types of shockable cardiac arrhythmia, the heart is in activity (possibly even beating), yet in an unusual pattern, which can be life-threatening if left uncorrected. In ventricular fibrillation, the electrical activity of the heart becomes chaotic, preventing the ventricle from effectively pumping blood. In ventricular tachycardia, the heart beats too fast to effectively pump blood. Frequently, ventricular tachycardia leads to ventricular fibrillation. The fibrillation in the heart decreases over time, and will eventually reach Asystole, with an absence of any rhythm.
Uncorrected, these cardiac conditions rapidly lead to irreversible brain damage and death. For every minute that a person in cardiac arrest goes without being successfully treated (by defibrillation), the chance of survival decreases by 10 percent.
AED's are designed to be used by laypersons, who ideally should have received specialist training. They are usually limited in their interventions to delivering high joule shocks for VF and VT. This is in contrast to more sophisticated manual and semi-automatic defibrillators used by health professionals, which can act as a pacemaker if the heart rate is too slow (bradycardia) and perform other functions which require a skilled operator, able to read electrocardiograms.
An automated external defibrillator is used in cases of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, which may lead, or have lead to cardiac arrest. The rhythms the device will recognise is usually limited to:
Ventricular fibrillation (shortened to VF or V-Fib)
Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia (shortened to VT or V-Tach)
AEDs (and all other defibrillators) are not designed to shock asystole or 'flat line' patterns, as this will not have a positive clinical outcome. The asystolic patient only has a chance of survival if, through a combination of CPR and cardiac stimulant drugs, one of the shockable rhythms can be established.
In each of the two types of shockable cardiac arrhythmia, the heart is in activity (possibly even beating), yet in an unusual pattern, which can be life-threatening if left uncorrected. In ventricular fibrillation, the electrical activity of the heart becomes chaotic, preventing the ventricle from effectively pumping blood. In ventricular tachycardia, the heart beats too fast to effectively pump blood. Frequently, ventricular tachycardia leads to ventricular fibrillation. The fibrillation in the heart decreases over time, and will eventually reach Asystole, with an absence of any rhythm.
Uncorrected, these cardiac conditions rapidly lead to irreversible brain damage and death. For every minute that a person in cardiac arrest goes without being successfully treated (by defibrillation), the chance of survival decreases by 10 percent.
AED's are designed to be used by laypersons, who ideally should have received specialist training. They are usually limited in their interventions to delivering high joule shocks for VF and VT. This is in contrast to more sophisticated manual and semi-automatic defibrillators used by health professionals, which can act as a pacemaker if the heart rate is too slow (bradycardia) and perform other functions which require a skilled operator, able to read electrocardiograms.
Automated external defibrillator
Automated external defibrillator
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automatic external defibrillator
defibrillator use
internal defibrillator
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heart defibrillator
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defibrillator manufacturer
mrl defibrillator
defibrillator medical supplier
history of the defibrillator
Automated external defibrillator
Defibrillation was invented and Batelli, two physiologists from University of Geneva, Switzerland. The first use on a human was by Claude Beck, professor of surgery at Western Reserve University that ventricular fibrillation often occurred in hearts which were fundamentally healthy, "Heart too good to die", Automated external defibrillator and that there must be a way of saving them. Beck Automated external defibrillator first used the technique successfully on a 14 year old boy who Automated external defibrillator was being operated on for a congenital chest defect. The boy's Automated external defibrillator chest was surgically opened, and manual cardiac Automated external defibrillator massage was undertaken for 45 minutes until the arrival Automated external defibrillator of the defibrillator. Beck used internal paddles either side of the heart, along with procaine amide, a heart drug, and achieved return of normal sinus rhythm.The technique Automated external defibrillator was often ineffective in reverting VF while morphological Automated external defibrillator studies showed damage to the cells of the heart muscle post mortem. The Automated external defibrillator nature of the AC machine with a large transformer also made these units very hard to transport, and they tended to be large units on wheels.
A circuit diagram Automated external defibrillator showing the simplest (non-electronically controlled) defibrillator Automated external defibrillator design, depending on the inductor ( damping ), producing a Lown, Automated external defibrillator Edmark or Gurvich WaveformIn 1959 Bernard Lown Automated external defibrillator commenced research into an alternative technique which Automated external defibrillator involved charging of a bank of capacitors to 100-200 Joules then Automated external defibrillator delivering the charge through an inductance such as to produce a heavily damped sinusoidal wave of finite duration (~5 msec) to the 'paddle' electrodes. The Lown Automated external defibrillator waveform, as it was known, was the standard for defibrillation Automated external defibrillator until the late 1980's when numerous studies showed that a Automated external defibrillator biphasic truncated waveform (BTE) was equally efficacious Automated external defibrillator while requiring the delivery of lower levels of energy to produce Automated external defibrillator defibrillation.
Defibrillators become portable A major Automated external defibrillator breakthrough was the introduction of portable defibrillators in ambulances. This was pioneered in the early 1960's by Prof. Frank Pantridge in Belfast. Today p Automated external defibrillator ortable defibrillators are one of the most important tools Automated external defibrillator carried by ambulances. They are the only proven way to resuscitate Automated external defibrillator a person who has had a cardiac arrest unwitnessed. Gradual Automated external defibrillator improvements in the design of defibrillators, and partly Automated external defibrillator based on the work developing implanted versions to the availability of Automated External Defibrillators, which can analyse the heart rhythm by themselves, Automated external defibrillator diagnosing the shockable rhythms, and then charging to treat. This means that Automated external defibrillator no clinical skill is required in their use, allowing lay people to respond to emergencies effectively. Until recently, Automated external defibrillator external defibrillators relied on monophasic shock waves. Electrical Automated external defibrillator pulses are sent rapidly from one electrode to the other, Automated external defibrillator only in one direction. Biphasic defibrillation, however, Automated external defibrillator alternates the direction of the pulses, completing one cycle in Automated external defibrillator approximately 10 milliseconds. Biphasic defibrillation was Automated external defibrillator originally developed and used for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. When Automated external defibrillator applied to external defibrillators, biphasic defibrillation This, in turn, decreases risk of burns and myocardial damage Automated external defibrillator. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) Automated external defibrillator could persist in about 40% of cardiac arrest patients treated with a single shock from a monophasic defibrillator. Most Automated external defibrillator biphasic defibrillators have a first shock success rate Automated external defibrillator (VF is eliminated and a normal rhythm can be returned) of greater than 90%.
home defibrillator
portable defibrillator
phillips defibrillator
automatic external defibrillator
defibrillator use
internal defibrillator
aed automated external defibrillator
heart defibrillator
automatic defibrillator external help medical refurbished
defibrillator heartstart home
defibrillator manufacturer
mrl defibrillator
defibrillator medical supplier
history of the defibrillator
Automated external defibrillator
Defibrillation was invented and Batelli, two physiologists from University of Geneva, Switzerland. The first use on a human was by Claude Beck, professor of surgery at Western Reserve University that ventricular fibrillation often occurred in hearts which were fundamentally healthy, "Heart too good to die", Automated external defibrillator and that there must be a way of saving them. Beck Automated external defibrillator first used the technique successfully on a 14 year old boy who Automated external defibrillator was being operated on for a congenital chest defect. The boy's Automated external defibrillator chest was surgically opened, and manual cardiac Automated external defibrillator massage was undertaken for 45 minutes until the arrival Automated external defibrillator of the defibrillator. Beck used internal paddles either side of the heart, along with procaine amide, a heart drug, and achieved return of normal sinus rhythm.The technique Automated external defibrillator was often ineffective in reverting VF while morphological Automated external defibrillator studies showed damage to the cells of the heart muscle post mortem. The Automated external defibrillator nature of the AC machine with a large transformer also made these units very hard to transport, and they tended to be large units on wheels.
A circuit diagram Automated external defibrillator showing the simplest (non-electronically controlled) defibrillator Automated external defibrillator design, depending on the inductor ( damping ), producing a Lown, Automated external defibrillator Edmark or Gurvich WaveformIn 1959 Bernard Lown Automated external defibrillator commenced research into an alternative technique which Automated external defibrillator involved charging of a bank of capacitors to 100-200 Joules then Automated external defibrillator delivering the charge through an inductance such as to produce a heavily damped sinusoidal wave of finite duration (~5 msec) to the 'paddle' electrodes. The Lown Automated external defibrillator waveform, as it was known, was the standard for defibrillation Automated external defibrillator until the late 1980's when numerous studies showed that a Automated external defibrillator biphasic truncated waveform (BTE) was equally efficacious Automated external defibrillator while requiring the delivery of lower levels of energy to produce Automated external defibrillator defibrillation.
Defibrillators become portable A major Automated external defibrillator breakthrough was the introduction of portable defibrillators in ambulances. This was pioneered in the early 1960's by Prof. Frank Pantridge in Belfast. Today p Automated external defibrillator ortable defibrillators are one of the most important tools Automated external defibrillator carried by ambulances. They are the only proven way to resuscitate Automated external defibrillator a person who has had a cardiac arrest unwitnessed. Gradual Automated external defibrillator improvements in the design of defibrillators, and partly Automated external defibrillator based on the work developing implanted versions to the availability of Automated External Defibrillators, which can analyse the heart rhythm by themselves, Automated external defibrillator diagnosing the shockable rhythms, and then charging to treat. This means that Automated external defibrillator no clinical skill is required in their use, allowing lay people to respond to emergencies effectively. Until recently, Automated external defibrillator external defibrillators relied on monophasic shock waves. Electrical Automated external defibrillator pulses are sent rapidly from one electrode to the other, Automated external defibrillator only in one direction. Biphasic defibrillation, however, Automated external defibrillator alternates the direction of the pulses, completing one cycle in Automated external defibrillator approximately 10 milliseconds. Biphasic defibrillation was Automated external defibrillator originally developed and used for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. When Automated external defibrillator applied to external defibrillators, biphasic defibrillation This, in turn, decreases risk of burns and myocardial damage Automated external defibrillator. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) Automated external defibrillator could persist in about 40% of cardiac arrest patients treated with a single shock from a monophasic defibrillator. Most Automated external defibrillator biphasic defibrillators have a first shock success rate Automated external defibrillator (VF is eliminated and a normal rhythm can be returned) of greater than 90%.
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